Wednesday, May 01, 2013

Love letter to Chicago...a reply to Rachel Shteir

A recent book review in the New York Times looked at Thomas Dyja’s “The Third Coast”, and a number of other books about Chicago including Neil Steinberg's book "You Were never in Chicago". In doing so the reviewer let forth a torrent of criticism about my (and her) current home city. Reviewer Shteir concludes that: "the city is trapped by its location, its past, and what philosophers would have called its facticity — its limitations, given the circumstances. Boosterism has been perfected here because the reality is too painful to look at. Poor Chicago, indeed." 

Like Shteir, I'm not native to Chicago. But her description of this city is unrecognisable. Easy to live in, cheap to get around, plenty to do, world class museums and culture. And, of course, there is always the beach. It is also hard to emphasise enough, without sounding like the tourist board, just how family friendly the city is and how welcoming people are. Spend a few days in New York, then come here. You'll know.

Shteir's litany of complaints includes that parking meters charge "up to $6.50 an hour". Rather like my broadband speed of "up to 100MB", this weaselly phrase tells us nothing truly relevant. Such as how much meter parking costs, nor whether having a top rate of $6.50 in some places is such a bad idea because it means that spaces are always available. Having lived in London for many years (and reported from Paris and New York), I can say with certainty that getting around Chicago is trivial. Public transportation and taxis are easy and cheap. Driving right into the city is relatively easy.

Another complaint is that "of the largest American cities" in 2012 Chicago had the "second-highest murder rate". OK, so there has been a recent uptick in homicides in some gang-riddled parts of the city. Does that mean the rest of the city is doomed because of flare ups in two wards? Not at all.

The complaints go on: the "ninth-highest metro foreclosure rate in the country". Seriously? And apparently the bankruptcy of The Chicago Tribune (one of the two daily papers here) is another mark of our failure. As regional newspapers around the country topple like pins hit by the internet bowling ball, does this event really add a meaningful data point to the Shteir's Chicago Tragedy?

Like any big city there are problems. Some of which Shteir nails: a legacy of racial segregation (which is why the homicide uptick so heavily weighs on just a few communities), underfunded infrastructure but most seriously its crappy schools. But the idea that Chicago is heading the way of Detroit is preposterous for the reason that if, as a big company, you have to be in the middle of America it is more often than not the best place to be.

Whatever else Shteir thinks of it, the young technology hipsters, the wives of the men of money in the financial centres, and the expensively educated Midwestern graduates all gravitate to Chicago to find culture, like-minded smart people and jobs. In all directions Chicago stands out of the Great Plains like Dorothy's Emerald city--glowing on the horizon with promise. Whether you live in Des Moines, Omaha, Milwaukee, Columbus, Indianapolis or Springfield, it is and always will be the Big City. To the logistics companies, Big Ag, the higher education sector, finance, the architectural firms, and retailers, Chicago remains a centre of gravity either in the region or nationally. That isn't boosterism or pity, just fact.

What is truly fascinating about Chicago is that given the public pension deficit, and high taxation, that companies seem increasingly happy to set up here. Why did United Airlines, BP and Willis Group Holdings decide to move downtown in 2011, when they should have been rushing for the door given Shteir's thesis? Why is the city, rather than the metropolitan area, showing a resurgence in appeal to companies of all kinds? Why is there a revival here?

Sure there are tensions with the old Chicago, every now and then signs of the machine and the corruption resurface. And Illinois, with its dysfunction, continues to act as a drag on the city. But if one looks beyond a worn-out view of the city one would find data that do not fit the hypothesis. A city on the forefront of transparency and public information, or in innovative ways of financing public infrastructure, or having increased its graduation rate from its community colleges by 60% in a few  years. To dismiss all of this, as well as the bike lanes, the riverside walk, the teachers in libraries, and even the hard won longer school day is to miss the real story. Chicago is, and always will be, a compelling place to live and work and that is because of both its real assets but most importantly because of the people who live here, and their positive attitudes about the city.

Call it boosterism if you wish, but to revel in urban misery is to miss a trick. I know this, having lived for most of my life in London. Here the citizens are as rude as any you will find in New York or Paris, but Londoners also wear their authentic despondency like some kind of banner. We gripe and moan and bitch about London and its transport, its weather, its high prices and the impossibility of finding a decent home. But secretly we know that it truly remains one of the best cities in the world even if we never choose to celebrate that fact. It was for that reason we spent most of the run-up to the Olympics dreading the event.

Lastly, and this is the giant flaw in Shteir's thesis, a city is fundamentally about much more than its infrastructure and politicians. It is about its people and their attitudes and this is where Chicago overflows with abundance.

What I love about Chicago is the way that people engage you in conversation, or are happy to sit on their front porch or have their children play on the sidewalk. The way they are open to chatting to passers by. And when I bump into someone in the supermarket they say "excuse me" as an apology if they were so rude to be in my way. There is a Midwestern openness and expansiveness that inspires great affection. So different from the more uptight, doomy, Londoners who peek behind their twitching net curtains and think that anyone sitting in their front garden is slightly odd. Chicagoans join in on things. They throw block parties, and street festivals, and fun runs at the drop of a hat. They are relentless do-ers and joiners. And that is what makes Shteir an ill fit for this city because loving it is part of what makes it great.

Monday, April 08, 2013

Why doing a PhD might still be a waste of time.

I was fascinated to read this first-person account of a PhD trainwreck by the brave Rebecca Schuman--a story that has gone viral on Slate and deservedly so. She argues that her humanities PhD was a waste of her time, something that seems to have disturbed many of those who have commented on her piece. She has hit a nerve. Something that struck me greatly about her piece was that she argues that academia remakes people in its own image. In other words it mints people who are designed to work well within the system. But then of course offers few opportunities for working within it. Worse, PhD graduates feel that their own brilliance depends on whether they are absorbed into this system as tenured professors and can therefore leave feeling dispirited.

Some of Dr Schuman's critics would like to take comfort from the fact that her failure to obtain a position means that she must be academically inferior in some kind of way. It is, of course, far harder to accept the alternative hypothesis. This is that the system is broken and that Dr Schuman is just one of the many students who wasted too much time in a system designed to train and hire academics. I covered a great deal of this territory in a piece called: The Disposable Academic for The Economist a few years ago. Today it is the top-most commented piece on our web page. The debate continues.

Updated:

More resources for those wondering whether to do a PhD:
1. This article last year from NPR about PhD students on food stamps, and its primary source from the excellent Chronicle of Higher Education.

2. Another piece on April 11th, 2013: Academia's indentured servants.

3. In the UK, the Guardian considers the financial worth of a PhD and explains that the thrill of having "Dr' in front of one's name soon wanes, Is a PhD the right option for you?

4. A piece about PhD's in international relations from Foreign Policy magazine, Should you get a PhD? Makes the interesting point (again) that many doing PhDs end up feeling that if they do not get a job within academia they are failures in some way.


New reports about the job market in academia:

1.Gap Widens for Faculty at Colleges, Report Finds. NYT, Published: April 8, 2013





Friday, April 05, 2013

America improves its infrastructure. Slightly.

Infrastructure 

D (for dilapidated) plus 

Slightly better roads and railways, but don’t live near a dam 

Apr 6th 2013 | CHICAGO |From the print edition

EVERY four years the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) issues a “national report card” grading the country on the maintenance and modernisation of its infrastructure. This year, for the first time since 1998, the grade has risen from a miserable D to a slightly less awful D+, thanks to increased spending in six of the 16 categories measured: bridges, drinking water, railways, roads, solid waste and waste water. Other areas, such as aviation and dams, kept the grades they received in the previous report card in 2009. Overall, ASCE thinks America will need to invest $3.6 trillion in infrastructure by 2020. [More...]



Sunday, March 31, 2013

The end of school

Education

Class dismissed 

The city plans to close lots of schools 

Mar 30th 2013 | CHICAGO |

From the print edition

THE news that parents had been dreading came on March 21st. As many as 54 of Chicago’s 681 schools have been earmarked for closure. Most of them are doing poorly, need costly repairs, or are undersubscribed: they are part of a system with more than 100,000 empty desks across the city. If the proposals are all approved by the Board of Education in May, the result will be one of the largest closures of schools ever seen in America. It will affect around 30,000 pupils.

 The municipal agency that runs the city’s schools faces a $1 billion deficit for each of the next three fiscal years. Although shutting schools is unpopular, it would help the agency, Chicago Public Schools (CPS), to save $43m a year. The policy, under discussion for some time, was the subject of negotiations during a teachers’ strike last year. [http://www.economist.com/news/united-states/21574518-city-plans-close-lots-schools-class-dismissed]

Wednesday, March 27, 2013

Organising Americans

After the election of Barack Obama, it was something of an open mystery what his organisation would do with itself, and I was told in the immediate aftermath that it was far too early to say and that it was being figured out. We've seen the group Organising for Action emerge from the ashes and get involved in federal and state issues, it has expressed an interest in immigration and gun control.

Although it does not have at its fingertips the massed forces that it was able to draw together to fight the 2012 election it looks as though it is going to be ambitious. Its latest email to supporters, a few hours ago, stated: "No one has ever done what we're trying to do: restore the balance of power to ordinary people by countering the special-interest groups with the most powerful grassroots movement ever built."

One of Mr Obama's legacies may be, then, to create the world's largest community action group in history--which is basically what he started out doing. For a youngish politician who has peaked rather early in life, one has to wonder what he will do next. Wouldn't it be ironic if he ended up back where he started--inside a grass roots activist organisation?




Tuesday, March 26, 2013

Brothers Emanuel

I had only 500 words to review this charming little book, so quite a lot was left out. The first thing to say is that this is not a book about Rahm specifically, it is a family memoir by his older brother Ezekiel. It contains a series of lovely little anecdotes about their childhood, about their traumas and triumphs, their hopes and dreams. In so far as it is analytical it tries to answer the question of how the three of them grew up to be such high-performing, alpha males.

If you are looking for a penetrating book about Rahm Emanuel, this is not the book for you. But if you want to glean some interesting little details about this life, it is a fun read. You can see the roots of Rahm's politics which come from the activism and left-leaning nature of members of his family. His mother founded a chapter of the Congress of Racial Equality in her neighbourhood and held meetings at her home. She also took her boys along to the many civil rights protests she attended.

Like many Jews of the time who were part of a distrusted minority group in 1960s Chicago, she was attuned to the racial stigmitisation of the era and determined to do something about it. (Indeed Rahm's mother reminds me a little of my aunt June Finer who was a doctor in Chicago around the same time. She joined the Medical Committee for Human Rights, and travelled to the deep south in the 1960s to provide medical support to the civil rights movement there. The story of the doctors who did this (many Jewish) is recounted in the book The Good Doctors.)

But I digress. The point is that Rahm grew up in a politically articulate, and passionate, family. He was not one of those kids who trained to be a lawyer and then thought that it would be a good career move to get into politics. Politics was baked into him at an early age and he has carried this with him through life. And it was never inevitable that he would be a politician, he started out with a great love of ballet--inspired by the lessons that his mother took all three boys to as part of their cultural education.

I also get a sense from the book that Rahm did particularly well at politics because he was so adept at extracting money from donors. Reading an account of their dinner-table debates, with all the swearing and liveliness, one cannot help connect this to the man who freely expresses irritation with those who ask what he sees as silly or bad questions. In this context it is worth remembering that this is a man who comes from a family where a debate about the film "The Deerhunter" ended in a family brawl.

One interesting revelation is that Ezekiel says the brothers are culturally Jewish but do not believe in God. I was surprised by this but after talking about this over lunch with another Jewish relation she insisted this is actually perfectly normal--and that many highly educated Jews feel this way. She told me they adopt Jewish customs and heritage, observe shabbat and happily attend synagogue. But do they believe in a big guy in the sky? Absolutely not, she told me. 

There are no answers in the book to the question of how the son who railed against authority now copes with being in charge. As the memoir moves on to their older years it focuses far more on Ezekiel's journey through life. The politician who once protested with the civil rights movement will now face similar tactics as the unions in Chicago try to fight plans to close many of the under-occupied schools in Chicago. The tactics may be the same but the issues could not be more different. The problem that school closures are tackling is tied to the facts of demography rather than racism, parents have voted with their feet and moved their children from so many of Chicago's schools in the past few decades that too many are expensively half empty.  School closures happen all over the country. The reason so many are now needed in Chicago is that the job has been put off for so long. Rahm's greatest challenge as a politician will be to haul the city's schools from the rut they have been in here since he grew up.


Parenthood 

Brothers in arms 

Raising three remarkable children 

Mar 23rd 2013 |From the print edition

Rahmifications of childhood Brothers Emanuel: A Memoir of an American Family. By Ezekiel Emanuel. Random House; 274 pages; $27.

THE youth of the three brothers that is described in “Brothers Emanuel” is interesting because one of them is Rahm Emanuel, the mayor of Chicago, President Barack Obama’s former chief of staff and a leading figure in Democratic politics. Rahm is the middle sibling. The eldest is Ezekiel, a medical ethicist and vice-provost at the University of Pennsylvania, and the author of this memoir. The youngest is Ari, a Hollywood agent and the role model for the character Ari Gold in “Entourage”, an American television series.

They grew up in Chicago in the 1960s—before supervised playdates, constant communication and fears of abduction. They explored their neighbourhood and even spent entire days on the beach alone. The alternative was to allow them to conduct their raids, sneak attacks, skirmishes, mock battles and combat missions indoors. Close in age, their wild play resulted in some bloody wounds including the loss of four teeth and the removal (fortunately temporary) of four fingers from two different brothers. [More...]

Sunday, March 24, 2013

A curious American row about early education

Nursery education 

Winning grades 

Americans argue about the need for early schooling 

Mar 23rd 2013 | CHICAGO AND NEW YORK |From the print edition

“WHAT part of the book is this?” asks the teacher, pointing to the binding. Twenty children of three and four answer: “The spine!” The instructor then asks, “Where is your spine?” and all the little pupils point to the right place. They arrived at eight this morning at Harlem Children’s Zone in New York, and were given breakfast. Later they will have lunch and take a nap. Although there is plenty of time to play, they spend much of their day learning letters, numbers, vocabulary and even manners. Marilyn Joseph, who heads the early-learning programme, says they want to make poor children as ready for school as those from better-off families. [More...]


A piece written and reported by Rosemarie Ward and myself.